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1 Hannah Arendt,Origins of Totalitarianism,New York: Harcourt Brace,1951,1966;Carl J. Friedrich and Zbigniew Brzezinski,Totalitarian Dictatorship and Autocracy,Cambridge,M.A.: Harvard University Press,1956,1965.
2 Allen Kassof,“The Administered Society: Totalitarianism without Terror,”World Politics,16/4,July 1964,p. 559.
3 Juan Linz,“Totalitarian and Authoritarian Regimes,”in Greenstein and Polsby,eds.,Handbook of Political Science,vol. 3. Reading,M.A.: Addison Wesley,1975.
4 Michael Walzer,“On‘Failed Totalitarianism’,”in Irving Howe,ed.,1984 Revisited: Totalitarianism in Our Century,New York: Harper & Row,1983,pp. 107,118.
5 Jeffrey C. Goldfarb,Beyond Glasnost: The Post-Totalitarian Mind,Chicago,I.L.: The University of Chicago Press,1989,p. 37.
6 Gyorgy Lukacs,“Contemporary Problems of Marxist Philosophy,”in Gale Stokes,ed.,From Stalinism to Pluralism: A Documentary History of Eastern Europe,New York: Oxford University Press,1991,p. 92.
7 Milovan Djilas,“The New Class,”in Gale Stokes,ed.,From Stalinism to Pluralism,p. 105.
8 Zdenek Mlynar,“Towards a Democratic Political Organization of Society,”in Gale Stokes,ed.,From Stalinism to Pluralism,pp. 124-125.
9 Adam Michnik,Letters from Freedom: Post-Cold War Realities and Perspectives,Berkeley,C.A.: University of California Press,1998;Vaclav Benda,et al.,“Parallel Polis,or an Independent Society in Central and Eastern Europe: an Inquiry,”Social Research55:1/2,,1988: 211-246.
10 Stanislaw Baranczak,Breathing under Water and other East European Essays,Cambridge,M.A.: Harvard University Press,1990;Miklos Haraszti,The Velvet Prison,New York: New Republic Books,1987;Gyorgy Konrad,Antipolitics,New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich,1984;Gyorgy Konrad and Ivan Szelenyi,The Intellectuals on the Road to Class PowerNew York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich,,1979;Leszek Kolakowski,Toward a Marxist Humanism: Essays on the Left Today,New York: Grove Press,1968.
11 Vaclav Havel,Living in Truth,London: Faber and Faber,1987,p. 94.
12 Ibid.,pp. 88-89.
13 Ibid.,p. 41.
14 Ibid.,p. 45.
15 Ibid.,p. 62.
16 Milan Kundera,The Farewell Party,London: Penguin Books,1977,pp. 68-69.
17 Milan Kundera,The Unbearable Lightness of Being,New York: Harper & Row,1984,p. 254.