第15章奔向火焰
[1 ]As quoted by Wilson, Lawrence of Arabia y p. 455.
[2]Aaronsohn to Alex Aaronsohn, October 1917; YU, Box 2, Folder 11.
[3]Yale,Diary, September 25 f 1917 ; YU Box 2,Folder 2.
[4]Aaronsohn to Alex Aaronsohn, October 1917 ; YU, Box 2, Folder 11.
[5]Clayton to Joycef October 24, 1917 ; PRO - FO 882/7,f. 175 ; Joyce memof undated; PRO - WO 158/634, See also Wilson, Lawrence of Arabia f pp. 447 - 48.
[6]Lawrence, Seven Pillars,pp. 387 - 89.
[7]Clayton to Wingate, November 13, 1916 ; SADD WingatePapenf 143/2/ 190.
[8]Florence, Laurence and Aaronsohn, pp. 298 -99.
[9]Sheffyf British Military Intelligence in the Palestine Campaign, p. 162 ; Engle, The Nili Spiesf pp. 167 -68.
[10] Florence t Laurence and Aaronsohti f p. 303.
[11] Engle, The Nili Spies f pp. 186 - 87.
[12]甚至在NILI间谍网被破获之后,德国人仍然继续警告土耳其人,要 慎重对待犹太人。德国大使伯恩斯托夫向塔拉特帕夏违议“不要将任 何一起申•一的犹太人间谍案扩大为对犹太人的全面迫害”。Bemstorft* to Foreign Ministry for Warburg, October 26, 1917 ; NARA T120,Roll 4334, Frame K179639 0
[13]See Sheffy, British Military Intelligence in the Palestine Campaign f p. 162 nn. 77 and 78.
[14] Florence, Lawrence and Aaronsohn, p. 326.
[15] Engle f The Nili Spies, p. 2020约瑟夫•利申斯基在土耳其当局和犹 太民兵的追捕下,终于在10月20日用光了好运气,在耶路撒冷城 外被捕。他和纳曼•贝尔坎德一起被判处叛国罪,在1917年12月 两人在大马士革被公开处以绞刑。
[16]关于土耳其人搜査济赫龙雅各布、抓捕NILI组织成员的时间长度, 以及萨拉•亚伦森开枪自杀后活了多久,已出版的资料的说法有很大 差別。后一个问题似乎已经得到解决,萨拉开枪后被传唤来的医生作 证称,她企图自杀是在10月5日,而照顾萨拉的两位德国修女说她 死于10月9日。
[17] Engle, The Nili Spies,p. 191.
[18] Hogarth to Ormsby - Gore,October 26, 1917; PRO - FO 371/3054,f.
Lawrence to Leeds, September 24, 1917, in Garnett, The Letters of T. E. Lawrence, p. 238.
See various George Lloyd reports on Hejaz economy and political situation, Autumn 1916,in GLLD 9/8.
Lloyd to Clayton f September 30,1917 ; GLLD 9/13,
Lloyd to Clayton f October 20,1917 ; GLLD 9/13.
Clayton to Lloyd, October 25, 1917 ; GLLD 9/10,
Lloyd, " Diary of Journey with T. E. L to El Jaffer •” October 24 , 1917 ; GLLD 9/11.
Lawrence f Seven Pillars, pp. 421 - 23.
Lloyd to Clayton, November 5,1917 ; GLLD 9/10,
Liddell Hart, Colonel Lawrence f pp. 193 - 94.
Frufer to Oppenheim, November 3 f 1914 ; NARA T137 f Roll 23,Frame 213.
[29] Lloyd, notes from travelsf undated but late October 1917 ; GLLD 9/10。 Jeremy Wilson在他的授权版劳伦斯传记里将乔治•劳埃德手写记录中 的一个关键点抄错了,将“HMG” (英王陛下的政府)写成了 “盟 国”。于是,他的引文错误地变成了 “劳伦斯不是在为盟国工作,而 是在为谢里夫I:作”。显然,这个错误扭曲了劳埃德的本意和劳伦斯 据说曾有过的表达,但后来的很多劳伦斯传记作者都重复了这个错 误,他们想尽可能将劳伦斯的不服从上级解释为他是在反对盟国(也 就是法国),而不是反对英国政府0
[30] Lloyd, " Diary of Journey with T. E. L. to El Jaffer, " October 28, 1917 ; GLLD 9/1 L
[31] Knabenshue to U. S. Secretary of State f October 23,1917 ; NARA RG59, Box 1047, 11L70Y1/3.
[32] Ibid. , November 4, 1917 ; NARA M353,Box 6, Frame 0827.
[33] Hoover ( U, S. Consul,Sao Paulo,Brazil) to U. S. Secretary of State, August 21,1917 ; NARA M367 f Roll 217,document 763. 72112. 5321.
[34] Yale,It Takes So Longy chapter 8, pp. 18 - 19.
[35] Yale% It Takes So Loty^ margin note, chapter 7,p. 21.
[36 ] Weizmann f Trial and Error, p. 208.
[37] As reproduced on frontispiece by Stein, 7,he Balfour Declaration.
[38] Clayton to Lloyd,November 12, 1917 ; GLLD 9/10.
[39]劳伦斯关于米尼菲尔火车袭击行动的记述见Seven Pillars, book 6, chapters 77 and 78,pp. 425 -34。
[40] Lawrence, Seven Pillars, p. 163*
第16章风暴聚集
[1] Syrian Committee of Egypt, November 14 % 1917 ; YU, Box 3,Folder 8.
[2] Yale to Harrison t December 17, 1917 ; YU, Box 2, Folder 11.
[3]Lawrence, Seven Pillarsf p. 435.
[4]丨bid , p. 439.
[5]Weizmann to Aaronsohn f November 16, 1917,reproduced in Friedman, Zionist Commission y pp. 19 - 20.
[6]Aaronsohn, Diary, November 16 f 1917 ; ZY.
[7 ]House to Drummond f September 11,1917; PRO - FO 371/3083 f f. 107.
[8]Wiseman to Drummondf October 16, 1917; PRO - FO 371/3083, f. 106.
[9]Weizmann to Aaronsohn, November 16, 1917, reproduced in Friedman, Zionist Commission f pp. 19 - 20.
[10] Verrier, ed. % Agents of Empire, p. 295。这份电报中关于萨拉•亚伦森命 运的部分是准确的,佤其他方面有错误。年迈的埃弗拉伊姆•亚伦森 被关押在大马士革,得以幸存,后来被释放,而贝尔坎德直到12月 14日才被处决c
[11] Aaronsohn,Diary% December 1, 1917 ; ZY.
[12]劳伦斯关于他在德拉遭受毒打的记述见Sevc" Pillars m book 6,chapter 80, pp. 441 -47o
[13] Mack,A Prince of Our Disorder, p. 233.
[14] As quoted by James, The Golden Warrior^ p. 214 n. 17.
[15] Lawrence to Stirling, June 29 f 1919; UT ( copy) Folder 6,File 7.
[16] As quoted by Brown f The Letters of T. E. Laurence f pp. 261 - 62.
[17] Agent 92C,44 Syrian PoliticsDecember 9,1917; PRO - WO 106/ 1420.
[18] Lewis, “An Ottoman Officer,” in Kushner, Palestine in the Late Ottoman Period f p. 413.
[19] Agent 92Cf “Syrian Politics,” December 9 f 1917; PRO - W0106/1420.
[20] 当时俄国仍然使用儒略历,而不是格列高利历,这个日期在俄国是 10月25日,因此才有“十月革命”的说法。
[21] As quoted in Antonius, The Arab Awakening, p. 255.
[22] Agent 92C, “ Synan Politics,” December 9,1917; PRO - WO 106/ 1420.
[23] Ahmed Djemal Pasha to Faisal ( undated) , translated and sent from Wingate to Balfour, December 25 f 1917; FRO - PRO 30/30/10 f. 67.
[24] Lawrence, Seven Pillars,p. 453.
[25] Sykes to Graham, May 5 , 1917 ; MSP-41 d.
[26] Foreign Office to Wingate, May 29,1917 ; SADD Wingate Papers, 145/ 7/114 - 15.
[27] Wilson to lir6mond, September 21 f 1917 ; PRO - FO 371/3051.
[28] Wingate to Graham f December 10, 1917; PRO - FO 371/3051.
[29] Lawrence, Seucn Pillars, p. 455.
[30] Clayton to Sykes, November 28, 1917 ; PRO - FO 371/3054, f. 393. [31] Wingate to War Cabinet, December 24,1917 ; PRO 一 FO 371/3062. [32] Minutes to ** Turkish Intrigues in Arabia,” December 26, 1917 ; PRO 一 FO 371/3062, File 243033.
[33]当时在叙利亚有两位土耳其领导人都叫作杰马勒帕夏,这给史学家带 来了极大混乱9他们分别是叙利亚总督艾哈迈德•杰马勒帕夏(有时 被称为“大杰马勒”)和穆罕默德•杰马勒帕夏(有时被称为“小杰 马勒”)。更容易造成混淆的是,穆罕默德•杰马勒是在1918年初接 任土耳其第4集团军总司令的时候开始使用“杰马勒帕夏”这个尊称 的,他的前任就是刚刚离职的艾哈迈德•杰马勒。T.E.劳伦斯在 《智恝的七柱》中使用“杰马勒帕夏”的说法,常常却不指明是艾哈 迈德还是穆罕默德,这造成了更多的闲扰。
于是,很多关于这个时期的史书将二人混为一谈,说在1918年夏季 的时候,费萨尔还在和艾哈迈德•杰马勒进行秘密通信。事实上,土 耳其给费萨尔的和谈建议的确是艾哈迈德•杰马勒最先于1917年丨1 月发起的,但在12月,艾哈迈德就被召回君士坦丁堡,因此费萨尔 随后的通信对象一直是穆罕默德•杰马勒。
另外,劳伦斯在《智慧的七柱》和他对同时代的传记作者的声明中 说,费萨尔还和穆斯塔法•凯末尔(未来的凯末尔•阿塔图尔克) 进行了秘密谈判3这也许是真的,但我未能发现文献证据5
[34] Lawrence, Seven Pillars (Oxford),chapter 115*
[35] Lawrence, Seven Pillars (Oxford), chapter 115, and Lawrence, Seven Pillars ( 1926),p. 554.
[36] Lawrence to Yale f October 22, 1929 ; YU, Box 1 , Folder 4。奇怪的
是,劳伦斯告诉耶鲁,他本人在费萨尔与穆罕默德•杰马勒帕夏的 通信中没有扮演任何角色,而是在费萨尔“不知情”的情况下得知 并阅读了这些通信的。劳伦斯对别人说的话,以及他自己的《智慧 的七柱》的说法,都与此矛盾。
[37] “ It must be abundantly”: W eizmann to Brandeis f January 14, 1918 ; PRO - FO 371/3394 f C 423.
[38] British government White Paper, “ Notes on Zionism f M Part 2. Communications of the Zionist Organization II, January-March 1918; April
19, 1918,p. 11; PRO -F0371/4171, C 99.
[39] Lawrence to Clayton,January 22, 1918 ; PRO - FO 882/7 f £ 251 - 53. [40] Lawrence f Seven Pillars f p. 462,
[41] Lawrence to Clayton, January 26, 1918 ; PRO - FO 882/7,£ 254 -58. [42] Lawrence, Seven Pillars, p- 482.