一六二 卷三七七
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《趙泰》(出《冥祥記》)“受變形城”中鬼吏對校文書云: “殺生者當作蜉蝣,朝生暮死;劫盜者當作豬羊,受人屠割;淫逸者作鶴鶩鷹麋;兩舌作鴟梟鵂鶹;捍債者爲騾驢牛馬。”按釋典説“煩惱餘報”,如《大般湼槃經·光明徧照高貴德王菩薩品》第一〇之四所舉“從地獄出、受畜生身”諸例,吾國稗官、院本承之而加細密。《牡丹亭》第二三折《冥判》判官云:“趙大喜歌唱,貶做黄鶯兒;錢十五住香泥房子,做個小小燕兒;孫心使花粉錢,做個蝴蝶兒”云云,亦供隅反。古希臘大哲學家作小詩,自言前生爲男子、爲女人、爲樹、爲鳥、爲魚;又魯辛《雞談》寫雄父能作人言,自述夙生即大哲學家畢達哥拉士(Pythago- ras),轉世爲妓、爲國君、爲馬、爲烏鵲、爲蛙等,輪迴百千度。後世不乏祖構,所見詼詭莫過詩人勃來克記蚤蝨自言皆殺人流血者魂魄所寓,化作蟲豸么麽,則己欲易遂而爲人害又不大(The flea told Blake that all fleas were inhabited by such men aswere by nature bloodthirsty to excess,and were therefore provi- dentially confined to the size and form of insects)。蓋造物兩全兼顧,正如蜜既得成而花復不損也。
Greek Anthology,IX. 569,Empedocles,“Loeb”,III,317;Lucian:“The Dream,or the Cock”,“Loeb”,II,179-213.
A. Gilchrist,Life of William Blake,“Everyman’s Lib.”,266.