九五 卷二二七
《華清池》(出《譚賓録》)。按卷二三六《玄宗》(出《明皇雜録》)首節全同。
《督君謨》(出《酉陽雜俎》)王靈智學射於君謨,“以爲曲盡其妙,欲射殺君謨,獨擅其美”,君謨張口承矢,笑曰:“未教汝嚙鏃法”;《列子》記紀昌、飛衛又《孟子》記逢蒙、羿事相類。按段玉裁《經韻樓集》卷一二《七與顧千里書論〈學制備忘之記〉》云:“若乃未知□駕,而自謂已能御,未知銜箭,而自謂已能射”,即用《酉陽雜俎》。卷七《東原先生札册跋》云:“世有剽竊師門一二,遽勇於樹幟欲爲逢蒙者之可恥”;其外孫龔自珍《己亥雜詩》亦云:“學羿居然有羿風,千秋何可議逢蒙?絶憐羿道無消息,第一親彎射羿弓!”則皆用《孟子》。屈大均《翁山詩外》卷一六《屢得朋友書札感賦》第七首言其詩弟子,第八首云:“欲折彎彎射日弓,有人争欲作逢蒙”,則言羿激於逢蒙,己亦罷射,另出一意。督君謨不教嚙鏃法,俗語謂之“留一手”,即《學記》所譏:“教人不盡其材”,鄭註:“謂師有所隱也”,孔疏:“恒恐人勝之,故不盡其道也。”釋曉瑩《羅湖野録》卷二載唐禪師風穴延沼作《頌》云:“五白貓兒爪距獰,養來堂上絶蟲行;分明上樹安身法,切忌遺言許外甥”;《五燈會元》卷一一延沼再傳弟子谷隱藴聰章次亦引之。拾得詩曰:“若解捉老鼠,不在五白貓”,“蟲”者“老蟲”、鼠也;“外甥”者虎,陸游《劍南詩稿》卷三八《嘲畜貓》自註所云:“俗言貓爲虎舅,教虎百爲,唯不教上樹”(參觀卷二三《得貓於近村、以雪兒名之》:“似虎能緣木”)。西方諧語言貓不肯教虎緣樹,自解曰:“良師必不盡其道授弟子”(The cat said to the jaguar:“A smart teacher nev- er teaches a pupil all his tricks”)。《妙法蓮華經文句記》卷三引經載身子師事沙然梵志,得師之傳,及師死,方省“未盡師術”,有一法未授,即此意也。波斯古詩人(Sa’adi)有句曰:“以我爲弓矢之鵠招者,曾從我學射者也;以我爲嘲諷之題目者,曾從我學文者也”(None e’er learnt the art of bow from me,who did not in the end make me his target;no one learnt rheto- ric from me,who did not make me the subject of a satire)。則又逢蒙射羿之類矣。
B. Cerf,Anything for a Laugh,80.
E. Denison Ross,Both Ends of the Candle,325.